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Literary forms

The Purpose of Symbolism in the Book of Revelation

  • Semi-Technical
  • Gregory K. Beale

Why does God communicate through symbolism in the book of Revelation? Is Revelation to be understood primarily as literal or symbolic? Beale argues that the popular approach to Revelation—interpret literally unless you are forced to interpret symbolically—should be overturned.

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Six Ways to Benefit from Reading Genealogies

  • Basic
  • Matthew Holst

Genealogies in the Bible are often neglected in our reading of Scripture. This article offers six tips for reading them that will benefit the reader.

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The Doctrine of the “Two Ways” in Proverbs

  • Technical
  • Daniel P. Bricker

People and actions are often presented in Proverbs in polar extremes—the wise and the foolish, the righteous and the wicked, and actions that lead to honour or shame.

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Hope in the Midst of a Hostile World – Why Narrative? Why Apocalyptic?

  • Semi-Technical
  • George M. Schwab

Chapter 2 considers the genre of Daniel. The nature of narrative and apocalyptic is reflected upon.

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How Does a Chiasm Mean?

  • Popular
  • Steve Jeffrey

This article investigates the way in which a chiasm means something, and it uses the book of Philemon as case study.

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The Literary approach to the Study of the Old Testament: Promise and Pitfalls

  • Semi-Technical
  • Tremper Longman III

What is the literary approach to the study of the Old Testament? Longman examines potential pitfalls and promises.

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The Reign of Asa (2 Chronicles 14-16): An Example of the Chronicler's Theological Method

  • Semi-Technical
  • Raymond B. Dillard

How does the Chronicler treat the reign of King Asa in 2 Chronicles 14-2 Chronicles 16? Dillard reflects on the theological method and interpretation of the book as an entrance into related problems like the historiography of Israel.

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The Bible as Literature

  • Popular
  • Iain D. Campbell

This article is about the Bible as literature, and how we are to approach and interpret the Bible as literature.

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Vision: Characteristics of Apocalyptic Literature

  • Popular
  • Tremper Longman III

In this article about apocalyptic literature, the book of Revelation and Daniel gets special attention. It also discusses prophecy as form of revelation. God as Divine Warrior is also mentioned.

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Figures of Speech in the Bible

  • Popular
  • E. W. Bullinger

How should we understand the figures of speech in the Bible? This article identifies and explains some biblical figures of speech.

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The Types of Scripture (Part 3)

  • Popular
  • George M. Ophoff

The Old Testament sacrifices functioned as God’s revelation to his people, but they also functioned as types. This article discusses the terms used in the discussion of typology. It looks at the nature, character, and function of these types in the OT.

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Literary Approaches to the Old Testament: A Survey of Recent Scholarship

  • Semi-Technical
  • Joe M. Sprinkle

The final form of the Old Testament text as a literary whole is much more appreciated today. Sprinkle gives a general overview of modern literary approaches to the study of the Old Testament, noting contributions from Robert Alter, James Muilenburg, Meir Steinberg, Martin Kessler, etc.

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God as a Symbolizing God: A Symbolic Hermeneutic

  • Semi-Technical
  • Aida Besancon Spencer

How does God use symbols to communicate? The symbols God uses have their own significant reality. The author wants to encourage the use of symbols as a means of communication, but at the same time warns to use symbols with care.

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Figures of Speech in Human Language

  • Semi-Technical
  • C. F. Pfeiffer

Hermeneutics should not be divorced from the study of language in general. The Bible is written in human language by men who used the language conventions of the day. This essay focuses on the way in which figures of speech and figurative language function in texts.

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The Bible’s Use of Sarcasm, Irony, and Denunciation

  • Popular
  • Peter Barnes

This article looks at the Bible’s use of sarcasm and irony in confronting unbelievers.

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Psalm 4 – Ambiguity and Resolution

  • Semi-Technical
  • John E. Goldingay

Goldingay argues that apparent ambiguities at the beginning of Psalm 4 can be resolved and become clear by reading the latter part of the psalm. He compares the reading of this psalm with the understanding of a sentence, which cannot be done until we have reached the end of it.

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The Types of Scripture (Part Two)

  • Popular
  • George M. Ophoff

The Old Testament sacrifices functioned as God’s revelation to his people, but they also functioned as types. This article discusses the meaning of typology in scripture and in theology, and as understood during the Reformation and Post-Reformation.

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The Types of Scripture (Part 1)

  • Popular
  • George M. Ophoff

The Old Testament sacrifices functioned as God’s revelation to his people, but they also functioned as types. This article shows how the Greek and Latin church fathers understood these types.

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Anthropomorphisms

  • Popular
  • Jay Adams

Does God repent? Does he have hands, eyes and ears? If not, why does the Bible speak of God in that way? Anthropomorphic language is what God frequently used to explain something to us in terms we can understand.

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Text Analysis and the Genre of Jonah (Part 1)

  • Semi-Technical
  • Ernst R. Wendland

This essay intends to use techniques of text analysis pertaining to the larger organization of a given composition, to explore the issue of literary genre. The way genre relates to the principal message of Jonah is also explored.

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Leland Ryken's Literary Approach to Biblical Interpretation: An Evangelical Model

  • Semi-Technical
  • Robert A. Weathers

This essay wants to examine Leland Ryken's work in the context of recent literary approaches to hermeneutics. The author surveys Ryken's methodology together with two other literary critics, Amos Wilder and Northrop Frye. They approach the biblical text with similar assumptions about its literary nature.

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Structure, Style and Context as a Key to Interpreting Jacob's Encounter at Peniel

  • Semi-Technical
  • Edward M. Curtis

What is the role of structure, style, and context in the interpretation of historical narrative in Scripture? The role of these aspects is considered in the interpretation of Genesis 32:22-32 where Jacob wrestled with the angel at Peniel.

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God, Grammar and Gender

  • Popular
  • Richard L. Stevens

This article offers some thoughts on gender inclusivism in language and the challenges that can pose for Bible translation. It considers why the language of Scripture is patriarchal.

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Historical Contingencies and Biblical Predictions

  • Technical
  • Richard L. Pratt

This article looks at the fulfillment of prophecy, conditional prophecies, the influence of human action and decisions on prophecy, predictions and the providence of God, predictions and unconditional/assurances by God, prophecy and an oath of God, promises and the human response in the covenant, covenant and predictions, and the promis

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The Gospels as Histories: What Sort of History are They?

  • Semi-Technical
  • Richard Bauckham

This article discusses the historical nature of the Gospels. The author compares the four Gospels to ancient and modern historiography in order to highlight the beauty of these books as historical narratives.

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A Defense of the Hyperbolic Interpretation of Large Numbers in the Old Testament

  • Semi-Technical
  • David M. Fouts

How should we look at the use of large numbers in the Old Testament? Fouts gives examples of difficulties with large numbers in Scripture and gives a short overview of the history of interpretation of these texts. Most of these large numbers occur in the books of Samuel, Kings and Chronicles. He argues that many of these large numbers are often simply figures of speech used to magnify Yahweh or David as king.

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The Rhetorical Role of Reiteration in the Suffering Servant Poem: Isaiah 52:13–53:12

  • Semi-Technical
  • Ronald Bergey

Repetition plays an important role in the suffering servant poem found in Isaiah 52:13-Isaiah 53:12. His sufferings and following glory are emphasized by a rhetorical device: word repetition. This article demonstrates this function.

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The Hymnic Elements of the Prophecy of Amos: A Study of Form-Critical Methodology

  • Semi-Technical
  • Thomas E. McComiskey

How can the doxologies in Amos best be studied? This essay examines the ways in which form criticism approaches the hymnic elements in Amos. Those elements are at the same time used as a critique of the form-critical method. The theology and setting of the hymns are considered.

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Psalms 1 and 112 as a Paradigm for the Comparison of Wisdom Motifs in the Past

  • Semi-Technical
  • Marlin E. Thomas

What is a wisdom motif? This essay demonstrates how wisdom motifs from Psalm 1 are taken up and repeated in Psalm 112.

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Ideal versus Real History in the Book of Joshua

  • Semi-Technical
  • Adrian Jeffers

This paper consider the way the author of the book of Joshua writes history (historiography).

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Hyper-Preterism and Unfolding Biblical Eschatology

  • Technical
  • Richard L. Pratt

This article examines the claim of hyper-preterism that since all biblical prophecies must be fulfilled as predicted, this means that the imminent return of Christ was fulfilled. The author shows that this claim fails to take into account the human contingencies of prophecy. Biblical prophecies are seldom fulfilled exactly as they are.

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Preterism, The Millennium, and Historical Contingencies

  • Semi-Technical
  • Larry Gwaltney

Is all prophecy in the Old and New Testament fulfilled? How should we understand prophecy? The author of this article looks at the text of Revelation 20, and adopts preterism as an approach to studying the prophecy and eschatology of the book of Revelation.

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Formal Analysis and the Psalms

  • Semi-Technical
  • Mary M. Crumpacker

How can poetry like the Psalms best be analyzed? One method is formal analysis as practiced by the Chicago Critics. This paper wants to give examples of such an analysis—(Psalm 1 and Psalm 51)—and try to determine what it can add to other existing methods of analysis.

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Chiastic Psalms III: A Study in the Mechanics of Semitic Poetry in Psalms 101-150

  • Semi-Technical
  • Robert L. Alden

Chiasm is a Hebrew literary device. This paper give illustrations of chiasims in the book of Psalms.

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Chiastic Psalms II: A Study in the Mechanics of Semitic Poetry in Psalms 51-100

  • Semi-Technical
  • Robert L. Alden

How does Semitic poetry function? The argument of the article is that many of the Psalms were written in a chiastic pattern.

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Chiastic Psalms – A Study in the Mechanics of Semitic Poetry in Psalms 1-50

  • Semi-Technical
  • Robert L. Alden

Whole psalms can be in chiastic arrangement. This paper wants to illustrate from Psalms 1-50 that many psalms were consciously or unconsciously arranged in a chiastic pattern.

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Moses and the King of Siam

  • Semi-Technical
  • Ronald F. Youngblood

How should Genesis 1 be read? Youngblood explores the characteristics and conventions of ancient writing and how they bear on the interpretation of Genesis 1.

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Preaching on the Stories in Scripture

  • Technical
  • John E. Goldingay

Much of the Bible is comprised of stories. How should the minister preach from these narratives? What does this preaching look like?

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Suggested New Translations of Old Testament Poetry

  • Semi-Technical
  • Elmer B. Smick

The author presents a number of suggestions for translation of poetic passages from the Psalms, Job, and the Prophets; for example, Psalm 22:23-31, Job 13:15, and Malachi 2:15.

Cat: Literary forms – Hebrew poetry

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Aesthetic Theology—Blessing or Curse? An Assessment of Narrative Theology

  • Technical
  • Andreas J. Köstenberger

Unaware of the origins of some of these thoughts, many pastors and church members may find themselves increasingly confronted with ideas like “story preaching” or “reading the Bible as literature.” Even though it may seem harmless at first, these phrases may in fact conceal trends of which the unsuspecting pastor, churchgoer, or Bible student may not be aware. This article will help us understand the unfortunate dichotomy between history and literature modern biblical studies have inherited.

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From Beelines to Plotlines: Typology

  • Technical
  • David Schrock

This article argues that beneath any legitimate type in Scripture is a covenantal topography that rises and falls throughout Israel's covenant history. It demonstrates how biblical types follow this topography from historical prototype, through covenantal ectypes, to their intended antitype—Christ.

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Orality and Its Implications for Biblical Studies: Recapturing an Ancient Paradigm

  • Semi-Technical
  • John D. Harvey

What are our cultural presuppositions with which we approach biblical interpretation? The concern of the article is that not enough acknowledgment is given to the oral character of the first-century culture. This article considers what kind of literary culture the first century was and its significance for understanding the nature of the New Testament documents.

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    • Authority and binding to the Confessions
    • Character of the Confessions
    • Apostolic Creed
    • Belgic Confession
      • General
      • Article 1
      • Article 2
      • Article 3
      • Article 4
      • Article 5
      • Article 6
      • Article 7
      • Article 8
      • Article 9
      • Article 10
      • Article 11
      • Article 12
      • Article 13
      • Article 14
      • Article 15
      • Article 16
      • Article 17
      • Article 18
      • Article 19
      • Article 20
      • Article 21
      • Article 22
      • Article 23
      • Article 24
      • Article 25
      • Article 26
      • Article 27
      • Article 28
      • Article 29
      • Article 30
      • Article 31
      • Article 32
      • Article 33
      • Article 34
      • Article 35
      • Article 36
      • Article 37
    • Westminster Confession
      • General
      • Chapter 1
      • Chapter 2
      • Chapter 3
      • Chapter 4
      • Chapter 5
      • Chapter 6
      • Chapter 7
      • Chapter 8
      • Chapter 9
      • Chapter 10
      • Chapter 11
      • Chapter 12
      • Chapter 13
      • Chapter 14
      • Chapter 15
      • Chapter 16
      • Chapter 17
      • Chapter 18
      • Chapter 19
      • Chapter 20
      • Chapter 21
      • Chapter 22
      • Chapter 23
      • Chapter 24
      • Chapter 25
      • Chapter 26
      • Chapter 27
      • Chapter 28
      • Chapter 29
      • Chapter 30
      • Chapter 31
      • Chapter 32
      • Chapter 33
    • Canons of Dordt
      • General
      • Chapter 1
      • Chapter 2
      • Chapter 3/4
      • Chapter 5
    • Heidelberg Catechism
      • General
      • Lord's Day 1
      • Lord's Day 2
      • Lord's Day 3
      • Lord's Day 4
      • Lord's Day 5
      • Lord's Day 6
      • Lord's Day 7
      • Lord's Day 8
      • Lord's Day 9
      • Lord's Day 10
      • Lord's Day 11
      • Lord's Day 12
      • Lord's Day 13
      • Lord's Day 14
      • Lord's Day 15
      • Lord's Day 16
      • Lord's Day 17
      • Lord's Day 18
      • Lord's Day 19
      • Lord's Day 20
      • Lord's Day 21
      • Lord's Day 22
      • Lord's Day 23
      • Lord's Day 24
      • Lord's Day 25
      • Lord's Day 26
      • Lord's Day 27
      • Lord's Day 28
      • Lord's Day 29
      • Lord's Day 30
      • Lord's Day 31
      • Lord's Day 32
      • Lord's Day 33
      • Lord's Day 34
      • Lord's Day 35
      • Lord's Day 36
      • Lord's Day 37
      • Lord's Day 38
      • Lord's Day 39
      • Lord's Day 40
      • Lord's Day 41
      • Lord's Day 42
      • Lord's Day 43
      • Lord's Day 44
      • Lord's Day 45
      • Lord's Day 46
      • Lord's Day 47
      • Lord's Day 48
      • Lord's Day 49
      • Lord's Day 50
      • Lord's Day 51
      • Lord's Day 52
    • Thirty Nine Articles of Religion
    • Different Confessions
    • Preaching of the Confessions
  • Doctrine of life - Ethical principles
    • Christ and the Christian life
    • Purpose of Christian life
    • Discovering the will of God - General
    • Use of Scripture in ethics
    • Seeking the kingdom of heaven
    • Christian freedom
    • Discipleship
    • Following and Imitation of Christ
    • Old Testament Ethics
    • Ten Commandments
      • Ten Commandments (General)
      • First commandment
      • Second commandment
      • Third commandment
      • Fourth commandment
      • Fifth commandment
      • Sixth commandment
      • Seventh commandment
      • Eight commandment
      • Ninth commandment
      • Tenth commandment
    • Law
      • Law (General)
      • Fulfillment of the Law
      • Legalism
      • Law and Gospel
      • Theonomy
    • Case Laws
    • Natural Law
    • Creation order
    • Sermon on the Mount and Ethics
    • Guidance of the Spirit
    • Identity of God's people
    • Love and hate
    • Common good
    • Authority
    • Position of the Christian in this world
    • Christian mind
    • Conviction and tolerance
    • Discernment
    • Christian lifestyle
    • Responsibility & Collective Responsibility
    • Compromise
    • Conflicting obligation
    • Conscience
    • Impartiality
    • Justice
    • Tradition and accomodation
    • Wisdom and prudence
    • Ethics of Christian Community
    • Indifferent things (Adiaphora)
    • Submission
    • Self-denial and Hedonism
    • Temperance and Abstinence
    • Virtue
    • Worldview
    • Vocation
    • Truth and lying
  • Doctrine of life - Ethical themes
    • Gender - Role of manhood and womanhood
    • Sexual Ethics
      • Sexual Ethics - General
      • Homosexuality
      • Premarital Sex
      • Sex Education
      • Lustfulness and Chastity
      • Pornography
    • Dating and Singleness
    • Marriage and Family
      • Marriage (General)
      • Family (General)
      • Adoption
      • Procreation and Family Planning
      • Adultery
      • Celibacy
      • Childhood
      • Adolescence
      • Young Adulthood (Twenties and Thirties)
      • Middle-Age (Forties and Fifties)
    • Divorce and remarriage
    • Education (General)
      • Christian education
      • Purpose of Education
      • Discipline
      • The child
      • Child development
      • Theories of Education
      • History of Christian Education
    • Parenting
    • Schooling
      • Teaching and Learning (General)
      • The Christian school
      • Home schooling
      • Teaching methods
      • The Curriculum and Evaluation
      • The Teacher
      • The School Board
      • Parents and the School
      • Church and the School
      • Place of Government in Education
    • Friendship
    • Hospitality
    • Economics
      • Economics (General)
      • Code of ethics for economists
      • Economic Theories
      • Development
      • Income Distribution
      • Inequality
      • Scarcity
      • Sustainability
    • Work & Employment
    • Business Ethics
      • Trade Unions and Strikes
      • Wages and Salaries
      • Prices
      • Labour Standards
      • Minimum Wages
      • Business Ethics (General)
      • Corporate Social Responsibility
    • Wealth & Poverty
      • Money and Possessions
      • Tithing
      • Generosity
      • Borrowing and Lending
      • Poverty
      • Consumerism
      • Taxes
      • Gambling
      • Prosperity gospel
    • Environmental Ethics
      • Environmental Ethics (General)
      • Energy and Energy Consumption
      • Global Warming
    • Public Ethics
      • Public Ethics (General)
      • Human Rights
      • Equality and Discrimination
      • Race and Racism
      • Nationalism and Patriotism
      • Judicial System
      • Crime and Punishment
      • Capital Punishment
      • Social welfare
      • Social gospel
    • Political Ethics
      • Government - Role and Responsibility
      • Democracy
      • Civil Disobedience and Revolution
      • State and Church Relationship
      • War and Peace
      • Terrorism
      • Genocide
      • Pacifism
      • Nuclear Weapons
      • Interrogation and Torture
      • Refugees and Genocide
      • Political involvement
    • Christ and Culture
    • Bioethics
      • Bioethics (General)
      • Genetic Engineering
      • Cloning
      • Reproductive Technologies
      • Prenatal Diagnosis
      • Contraception
      • Surrogate Father/Mother
    • Medical ethics
      • Medical Ethics (General)
      • Health
      • Illness
      • Disabilities
      • Health Care
      • Forgoing and Withdrawing Treatment
      • Organ Donation and Transplantation
      • Definition of Death
      • Euthanasia, Assisted Suicide and Letting Die
      • Abortion
      • Sterilization
      • Late Miscarriage & Stillbirth
      • Epidemics
    • Beauty and Arts (General)
    • Appearance
    • Visual Arts
    • Music
    • Drama and Cinema
    • Food and Food Consumption
    • Media and Censorship
    • Sabbath and Sunday
    • Recreation and entertainment
    • Speech and Communication
    • Sport
    • Time Consumption and Priorities
    • Other topics
  • Spirituality & Godliness
    • Fear of the Lord & Godliness
    • Spiritual exercises
    • Means of grace
    • Prayer
      • Prayer - General
      • Intercession
      • God answering prayers
      • Practice of prayer
      • Bodily posture in prayer
      • Private prayer
    • The Lord's Prayer
      • Lord's prayer - General
      • Beginning and Conclusion of Lord's prayer
      • First petition - Hallowed your Name
      • Second petition - Your Kingdom come
      • Third petition - Your will be done
      • Fourth petition - Give us today our daily bread
      • Fifth petition - Forgive us our debts
      • Sixth petition - And lead us not into temptation
    • Fasting
    • Meditation
    • Singing
    • Listening to sermons
    • Personal Devotions (General)
    • Reading of Spiritual Literature
    • Family worship
    • Preparation for home visitation
    • Christ and the new life
    • Personal relationship with God
    • Walking with God
    • Spiritual warfare & struggle against sin
      • Spiritual warfare (General)
      • Struggle against Temptation
      • Living with Hope
      • Desertion by God
      • Place of sin in the believer's life
      • Spiritual growth and backsliding
    • Sanctification of the whole life
    • Spirituality and experience
    • Gratitude
    • Blessedness
    • Different Fruit of the Holy Spirit
    • Different Fruit of the flesh
    • Heavenly mindedness
    • Joy in the Lord
    • History of Spirituality
  • Worship & Liturgy
    • Principles of Worship
      • Principles of Worship (General)
      • Worship as Communion with the Triune God
      • Worship as Communion with the People of God (General)
      • Worship as Gathering and Communion of the Local Church
      • Worship as Communion with Young and Old
      • Worship as Communion with the Church of all Ages and Places
    • Elements of the worship service
      • Liturgy - General
      • Call to worship and Salutation
      • Confessing of sin and assurance of pardon
      • Praise in music and song (General)
      • Public Prayer
      • Scripture reading
      • Preaching (place in worship service)
      • Gifts and offerings
      • Corporate confession of faith
      • The Amen
      • Sacraments in the worship service
      • Benediction
    • Different Liturgies
    • Church music
      • Musical instruments
      • Character and principles of church music
      • Musicians
      • Psalms as songs
      • Hymns
      • Church choir
      • History of church music
    • Liturgical year
      • Liturgical year (General)
      • Christmas
      • Good Friday
      • Easter Sunday
      • Ascension Day
      • Pentecost
    • Church architecture
  • Church Leadership and Offices
    • Church leadership (General)
    • Offices - General
    • Pastor/Preacher - General
    • Pastor/Preacher - Qualifications
    • Pastor/Preacher - Task
    • Pastor and his wife and family
    • Theological Training
    • Elder - General
    • Elder - Qualifications
    • Elder - Task
    • Deacon - General
    • Deacon - Qualifications
    • Deacon - Task
  • Preaching
    • Preaching (General)
      • Preaching, election and the free offer of the gospel
    • Principles of Preaching
    • Purpose and Function of Preaching
    • Types of Preaching
    • Preaching Method and Sermon Preparation Process
    • Sermon Evaluation
    • History of Preaching
    • Preaching style and delivery
    • Steps for making a sermon
  • Pastoral care
    • Principles of Pastorate
    • House Visitation
    • Confidentiality
    • Psychology
    • Care in Abuse and Neglect
      • Abuse - General
      • Spiritual Abuse
      • Sexual Abuse - General
      • Child Sexual Abuse
      • Clergy Sexual Abuse
      • Spousal Abuse
      • Elder Abuse
      • Emotional and Verbal Abuse
      • Ministry to Abusers
    • Care in Addictions
    • Care in Conflict and Bad Relations
    • Care in Depression
    • Care in Self-Esteem and Inferiority
    • Care in Anger
    • Care in Anxiety
    • Care in Crisis
    • Care in Psychological illnesses
    • Care in Autism
    • Care in Loneliness
    • Care in Aging
    • Care in the Dying Process
    • Care in Grief
    • Care in Burial Practices
    • Care with Last Will and Testament
    • Care in Honouring and Grieving the Dead
    • Care in Suicide
    • Other themes of Pastorate
  • Youth ministry and catechism
    • Principles of Youth ministry
    • Material for Youth ministry and catechism
      • In Thy Hands Children Material
        • In Thy Hands Part 1
        • In Thy Hands Part 2
    • Public profession of faith
  • Church Government
    • General Principles of Church government
    • Church Order
      • Purpose and observance of the Church order
      • Offices
      • Church Assemblies - General
      • Church Assemblies - Consistory
      • Oversight of doctrine and worship
      • Church Discipline
      • No Lording
    • Different systems of Church government
    • Church government and civil government
  • History & Church History
    • Church history - General
      • Historical writing
    • Church history - Early Church
      • Ignatius of Antioch
      • Constantine the Great
      • Council of Nicea
      • Cyprian
      • Cyril of Alexandria
      • Didache
      • Early Church (general)
      • Gregory of Nazianzus
      • Irenaeus of Lyons
      • Basil the Great
      • Jerome
      • John Chrysostom
      • John of Damascus
      • Justin Martyr
      • Marcion
      • Melito of Sardis
      • Clement of Alexandria
      • Augustine
      • Polycarp
      • Athanasius
      • Patrick of Ireland
      • Origen
      • Tertullian
    • Church history - Middle Ages
    • Church history - Reformation
      • Theodore Beza
      • Ulrich Zwingli
      • William Tyndale
      • Reformation in The Netherlands
      • Renaissance
      • Zacharius Ursinus
      • Reformation in Germany
      • Reformation in France
      • Reformation in England
      • Reformation in Eastern Europe
      • Reformation (General)
      • Philipp Melanchthon
      • Peter Vermigli
      • Martin Luther
      • John Knox
      • John Calvin
      • John a Lasco
      • Hugh Latimer
      • Heinrich Bullinger
      • Guido de Bres
    • Modern Church History
      • Church history - Asia
      • Church history - Europe
      • Church history - Africa
      • Church history - South America
      • Church history - North America
      • Church history - Oceania
    • Different theologies
      • Charismatic theology
      • Evangelical
      • Roman Catholic
      • Reformed
      • Five points of Calvinism
  • Defending the faith (Apologetics)
  • Mission & Evangelism
    • Biblical Basis of Missions
    • Missions and Evangelism
    • God as Missionary God
    • Missions as Work of God
    • Missions and the Glory of God
    • The Great Commission
    • Missions and local church
    • Missions and every believer
    • Church growth
    • The Missionary
    • The Mission Board
    • The Sending Church
    • Missions and Money
    • Short-term Missions
    • Mission Training
    • Missions to Children and Youth
    • Different Mission Approaches
    • Trends in Missions
    • History of Missions
    • Missionary and Culture
    • Missionary and Politics
    • Missions - Word and Deed
    • Missions and the Social Gospel
    • Mission, election and the free offer of the gospel
    • The Message in Missions
    • Mission and the Point of Contact
    • Prayer and Missions
    • The Mission Encounter
    • Boldness in Missions
    • Material to use in Missions
    • Missions and the New Convert
    • Worship in the Mission Field
  • Other religions
    • Relationship between Christianity and other religions
    • Islam
    • Cults
    • Judaism
    • Jehovah's Witnesses
    • New Age
    • African Traditional Religions
    • Atheism
    • Other religions (General)
    • Sects (General)
  • Faith & Science
    • Faith & Science (General)
    • Evolution
  • Philosophy & Culture
The surest mark of true conversion is humility J. C. Ryle
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