What does your fellowship with God look like? Intermittent, lukewarm, and man-centred? This article offers a brief reflection on John Owen's emphasis on God-centred communion.

This article discusses seven characteristics of Charles Spurgeon that are enlightening for preachers who are called to preach through times of adversity.

This article is the last of a four-part series on the life of Klaas Schilder. It offers some critical remarks on the theologian.

This article is the third of a four-part series on the life of Klaas Schilder. It recounts his involvement in the Liberation and its aftermath, as well as his ongoing work as professor and editor, and then it begins an assessment of Schilder's contributions, also to the field of biblical theology.

This article is the second of a four-part series on the life and legacy of the Dutch theologian, Klaas Schilder. It offers a critique of Abraham Kuyper, and then continues with Schilder's life, particularly as a professor, writer, and editor for De Reformatie, and active opponent of Nazism.

This article is the first of a four-part series on the life and legacy of the Dutch theologian, Klaas Schilder, particularly his historical context (including Abraham Kuyper), his early life, and preaching ministry.

John Wesley's doctrine of Christian perfection makes it necessary for him to make clear how he understands the doctrine of sin. He had a specific view of holiness. In this paper the author's intention is to clarify Wesley's concept of sin.

What is the relationship between the theology of the Reformation and Post-Reformation Reformed Theology? Did the scholastic methodology of the post-Reformation period change the content of the Reformation theology? Richard Muller argues that they are in essential agreement. The agreement lies primarily in the christological focus.

By looking at the relationship between Klaas Schilder and Herman Hoeksema, this article gives a historical overview of what led to the separation between the Protestant Reformed Churches and the Liberated Reformed Churches.

This article highlights the story of John Bunyan, how he came to experience joy in his sufferings for the gospel.

Who is John Bunyan? This article answers this question by looking at the times of Bunyan's life, as well as his life, works, and place in church history.

Who was Herman Bavinck? This article introduces Bavinck's life with a focus on his theological contribution and his legacy for the church today

Who was Abraham Kuyper? This article surveys his life, with a focus on his key theological themes as well as his legacy for the church today.

This article is a biography of William of Orange. Focus is given to his role in fighting for Calvinism in the Low Lands in the Netherlands.

This article considers Herman Bavinck and his understanding of the Christian life. What lay at the heart of his understanding was the imitation of Christ. His life and writings reveal this, as the article demonstrates.

Those who left the Hervormde Kerk in 1886 did so out of great grief. Thus, their separation became known as the Doleantie. This article sketches the picture of this separation and the role which Abraham Kuyper played in it.

Who was Abraham Kuyper? This article gives a biography of the man.

Is the theology of Dietrich Bonhoeffer orthodox? This article offers some cautionary remarks.

This article is a biography of the life of George Whitefield.

This article is a biography of John Bunyan, with a focus on his ministry and the impact of Pilgrim’s Progress.

William Wilberforce should serve as a model of determination. He shows us what it means to persevere for God's work.

It will be unfair to talk about the greatness of Charles Spurgeon without talking about his mother, Eliza Spurgeon. This article pays a visits to this godly woman to show the influence that shaped Spurgeon.

This article discusses the situation of the churches in the Netherlands from about 1560 onward. It looks at the life and teachings of Arminius, the path leading to the Synod of Dort (1618-19), and the decisions of the Synod of Dort.

In striving against the Remonstrants - the heirs of Arminian heresy - the synod that met in Dordrecht in 1618/19 was fighting for church unity. False doctrine divides the church. The synod understood that church unity can only be attained on the basis of the truth. This truth must be embraced and confessed by the true church.

Not only did the Secession of 1834 involve a restoration of true church doctrine, but it also involved a restoration of biblical church government. Through the Secession, God led many churches to return to the Church Order of Dordt and biblical church polity.

Does God desire to save everyone? Not all the leaders of the Secession of 1834 were in total agreement over this question. This question lies behind the teaching of the well-meant offer of the gospel. Looking at the historical development of this teaching, this article traces it back to some of the leaders of the Secession.

This article looks at the character of the Secession of 1834 and the lessons we can learn from this piece of history.

This article looks at Hendrik de Cock's leadership in the Secession of 1834 and the persecution of the seceders. The author also looks at the history of the years following the Secession.

This article discusses various factors which led up to the Secession of 1834 in the Netherlands. The Dutch Reformed Church became a state church and rejected the Church Order of Dordt and the binding authority of the creeds. The author also looks at the leading individuals involved in the Secession and their persecution.

There is nothing so painful to Christians as witnessing the separation of Christ church. This author maintains, however, that sometimes separation is the way to obey Christ. This article looks at the influence of rationalism, biblical criticism and the church and state relationship in the Netherlands leading up to the Secession of 1834.

Pietism began as a reaction to highly intellectualized orthodoxy common in some churches in the decades following the Reformation. This article gives some reflections on its main leaders: Johann Arndt, Philip Jacob Spener, Auguste Hermann Francke, and Count Nicolaus Ludwig Von Zinzendorf. The author summarizes the teaching of pietism, showing that pietism moved from emphasizing the authority of scripture to emphasizing experience.

Looking at the history of the Unitas Fratrum, or Moravians, this article shows how this movement began under the influence of Jan Hus and the leadership of Nicholas Louis von Zinzendorf. The Moravian movement left a great heritage for the church, especially in the areas of communal prayer and zeal for mission work.

The Protestant Reformation was a blessing to God's church, since it brought in freedom and liberty for the individual to read and interpret Scripture. However, many reactions to the Potestant Reformation also arose. This article on church history focuses on the rise of rationalism, as well as the teachings of John Wesley and Methodism.

This article on church history discusses the reactions to the Protestant Reformation. Within the Roman Catholic Church the reaction was a counter-Reformation through the work of the Jesuits and the Council of Trent.

Franciscus Gomarus (born in 1563 in Belgium) was an important theologian at the well-known synod of Dort (1618/19).

These articles are about Samuel Rutherford (born about 1600 A.D. in Scotland), one of the men who was part of the Westminster Assembly.

This article is about the Dutch Puritans and the Second Reformation in the Netherlands. The author talks about William Annes, Willem Teellinck, Gijsbertus Voetius, and Herman Witsius.

Gijsbert Voetius, born in 1588 AD in the Netherlands, was a defender of the orthodox reformed faith after the Synod of Dort (1618/19).

This article is about a few men that were part of the Synod of Dordt (1618-19): Jacob Arminius, Jan Uytenbogaert, Simon Episcopius, Pieter Plancius, Francis Gomarus and Johannes Bogerman.

This article is about J.H. Merle D'Aubigne and his work in church history and historiography.

There are special times when God raises men of such outstanding ability and conviction that their work leaves an indelible mark on subsequent history. This article is about Abraham Kuyper. The author discusses his early life, Kuyper as writer and journalist, as church reformer, as theologian and as politician.

How ought a Christian to regard his emotions? The history of theology has answered that variously. In 1746, Jonathan Edwards published A Treatise on the Religious Affections, which is a biblical discussion of the matter, and a worthwhile read especially in today's discussions over religious experiences. This article offers a survey of the work.

This article is a biography of William III of Orange.

This paper continues the consideration of the distinctive input that theologians like Dietrich Bonhoeffer and Paul Tillich made to the state of theology in the mid-1970s.

What makes a revival? Jonathan Edwards gave a biblical reflection of this. However, to understand the answer of Edwards, we must understand the man himself, his understanding of God and how God works to reveal his glory. It is the view of God that shaped Edwards's understanding of revival. The article discusses this while pointing to crucial elements that constitute a revival.

Looking at Thomas Russell and the persecution he endured for the sake of the gospel, this article shows that revival comes at a cost. Are you willing to pay the cost?

This article is a biography of Eric Liddell, focusing on the impact he had as an Christian athlete and the impact he had in China as a missionary.

This article is a biography of Samuel Rutherford, with attention given to his call to the ministry. The author draws lessons for the church today, showing that Rutherford's Christ-centered preaching is worth imitating.

This article is a biography of Samuel Rutherford, with attention given to his call to the ministry. The author draws lessons for the church today, showing that Rutherford's humility is worth imitating.

This article gives attention to the work and the thinking of Richard Baxter, discussing his position on Puritanism, Presbyterianism, doctrinal differences, and practical theology.

This article gives a biography of the life of Richard Baxter. Focus is given to his early life and ministry in Kidderminster.

This article is about Alexander Henderson, born about 1583, a Scottish Reformer.

This article is about Andrew Melville, born 1545, a Scottish Reformer.

What is Sandemanianism? Where did it come from? This article addresses these questions, touching on aspects such as its leadership under such men as Robert Sandeman, and those who countered its teachings such as Andrew Fuller. One main tenet of this movement was a focus on intellectual assent as a proof of faith rather than any emotional attachment to faith.

The role a godly woman plays in shaping a godly man should not be taken for granted. This article looks at the life of Elizabeth Newton, mother to John Newton.

The role of a godly mother in shaping a godly man is one that cannot be ignored. This article looks at the life of Amelia Hudson Taylor the mother to James Hudson Taylor.

This article considers the life of the Dutch theologian, Herman Bavinck.

What is the Lutheran two-kingdoms doctrine? The author examines how this doctrine was formulated in early twentieth century Lutheranism.

This paper reflects upon and evaluates the theology of Jurgen Moltmann, which is known as a theology of hope. The implications of Moltmann's views for history, eschatology, and the relationship between God and history, are considered.

This article gives a biography of Gerhard Tersteegen with a focus on the legacy of hymns he left behind.

This article is a guide for reading Thomas Goodwin's works. Thomas Goodwin is known for his depth and practicality in applying biblical teaching to daily life.

This article looks at Abraham Kuyper as journalist and Dutch premier and focuses on his worldview.

This article is about Johan Herman Bavinck, the man who wrote and studied extensively on missions.

This essay examines the contrast in Scottish and American church history from the 1730s to the 1840s, and focuses on the difference in theological development. The author argues that the study of the relationship between formal religious thought and its social, political, and intellectual contexts shows why theology developed differently in the two regions during this period.

This article gives an evaluation of the work and contribution of Martin Hengel in celebration of his eightieth birthday. It evaluates his contribution to the study of early Judaism and early Christianity, with specific focus on his contributions to Christology.

This first of a two-part series on the life and ministry of Charles Spurgeon focuses especially on his earlier days as a preacher.

After trying to define what a Puritan and Puritanism are, Lea explores the general approach of the Puritans to Scripture and their interpretation of Scripture.

What is Jurgen Moltmann's view of history? This essay wants to show that Moltmann imposes upon the Old Testament a revisionist Marxist view of history, resulting in a view of God that is alien to the Old Testament.

Philosophical views exert a strong influence on theology. This paper introduces themes from the philosophy of Hegel in contemporary German theology. Illustrations are given from the theology of Hans Kung, W. Pannenberg, Karl Barth, and K. Rahner. The author considers the appropriateness of incorporating thoughts from Hegel's philosophy in theology.

This paper considers the distinctive input that Rudolf Bultmann, Teilhard de Chardin, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, and Paul Tillich made to the state of theology in the 1970s.

This essay is an analysis and statement of the view of Pannenberg who extended the concept of revelation as history into various aspects of Christian doctrine. The function of religious language is explored.

This paper seeks to find out what John Wesley's view of Martin Luther was.

This article gives a snapshot of a revival God caused through John Livingstone.

This article is about the Liberation in the Reformed churches of the Netherlands in 1944. The (presumed) regeneration of children, and children as covenant children are also discussed.

What is the relation between revelation and history? The article indicates how Lessing responded to the near-veneration of the Bible by the Protestantism of the eighteenth century in Germany time by placing a great emphasis on ethics. Particular attention is given to Lessing's controversy with Goeze.

This is the second of a two-part series on the life and ministry of Charles Spurgeon.

How does Jurgen Moltmann understand the resurrection of man and the resurrection of Jesus Christ in particular? His use of the word "resurrection" diverges significantly from the common understanding of the term. The social character of Moltmann's use of this symbol is vital to a proper understanding of his contribution.

What was the influence of the Danish philosopher and theologian Søren Kierkegaard on Karl Barth? Why was Barth so reluctant to acknowledge this influence? This essay wants to clarify some of the roots of modern theology by examining the influence of Kierkegaard on Barth.

This article is a biography on Sarah Edwards, the wife of Jonathan Edwards.

The author surveys some of the earlier works of Karl Barth and ends with the Church Dogmatics for Barth's view on personal and general eschatology.

This article gives a short biography of Matthew Henry.

This paper discusses the doctrine of salvation in the theology of Karl Barth. The main focus is on his understanding of justification and sanctification and their relation to each other. The role of faith and love receives specific attention also.

This article engages with criticisms made by Bonhoeffer towards Karl Barth's theology of "Positivism of Revelation." In the analysis, it is also evident that there is need to properly understand the meaning of Bonhoeffer's expression, which can only be done through the careful study of his writings.

In the early 1960s Rudolf Bultmann was arguably the most influential theologian in Germany. It is imperative to attempt to understand Bultmann's theology. This paper is such an attempt. It focuses on understanding the paradox at the heart of Bultmann's theology, i.e., the place where God acts is in the sphere of human existence. How should we understand this language of the "act of God"?

Stephen Neill (1900-1984) was a Scottish Anglican missionary, scholar, writer, and teacher. This article discusses some of his theological and missiological contribution.

The role of the Confessing Church in Germany during the Nazis' rise to power constitutes one of the most fascinating phenomena in modern church history. Its development and partial disintegration raise crucial issues for the church in every era. The lessons to be learnt are relevant far beyond the boundaries of Germany. This article first presents a brief outline of the history of the Confessing Church and its struggle with the evils of National Socialism.

This article focuses on the Puritans and revivals in England and Scotland. How did the Puritans see the reformation of the church?