The argument of the apostle Paul in Romans 5:7 forms the focus of the study. The author considers the possible difficulties of verse 7. He argues that the verse can be divided into two clauses: 7a, "for scarcely will anyone die for a righteous man," and 7b, "though for a good man someone might possibly dare to die." The recent history of interpretation of this verse is surveyed and a possible understanding of verse 7 is offered.

The apostle Paul uses the phrase "refresh the heart" some four times. This article wants to look at the use of the verb "anapauō" (with various meanings) in particular where it is combined with "pneuma" ("spirit") or "splanchna" ("bosom") in ancient Greek literary and non-literary sources. It concludes that Paul's use of the complete phrase (1 Corinthians 16:18, 2 Corinthians 7:13, Philemon 7, and Philemon 20) may have been a unique usage.

The most important models Paul urges his readers to imitate are those of himself, Christ, and God. He also directs his readers to the behavior of other individuals and occasionally reminds them of the example of other churches. There are also exhortations that his readers become "models" for others to imitate. Questions have been asked regarding the motivation behind Paul’s instruction.