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Christward Collective

Sip It, Don't Dip It

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  • Joe Thorn

The practice of intinction is the dipping of the bread into the wine and then consuming both together at the Lord's Supper. This article makes the case why this practice should not be followed, in light of the instruction of the Lord Jesus.

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Making the Most of Sunday

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  • Joe Thorn

This article outlines ways to make the most out of corporate worship. It shows ways to prepare, participate, and reflect.

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Four Characteristics of Earnest Preaching

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  • Joe Thorn

What makes preaching earnest? This article offers four characteristics: know the text, feel the truth, love the people, and keep the sermon simple.

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The Time and Manner of Family Worship

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  • Scott Redd

This article discusses the timing or frequency of family worship, and the manner in which it could be carried out.

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The Heart of Family Worship

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  • Scott Redd

This article discusses the heart of family worship, that it helps us be better worshippers of God on the Lord's Day. This is seen in four ways: reading God's Word, practicing family prayer, celebrating the Lord's Supper, and improving upon our baptism.

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Suffering, Love and Glory

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  • Matthew Holst

Sometimes the Lord visits us with hard providences. Our default reaction is prayer for an end to the trial. Yet what happens when our suffering continues? This article draws out precious lessons regarding this issue from the account of the raising of Lazarus in John 11.

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A New Frame of Mind

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  • Matthew Holst

This article addresses the question, "With what should I fill my mind?" with the aid of Romans 12:2.

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Wisdom for Reading the Proverbs

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  • Matthew Holst

This article provides seven pointers on how to glean as much as possible from reading Proverbs.

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Twelve Things to Know about the Anti-Christ

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  • Matthew Holst

This article provides some reflection on Scripture's teaching about the man of lawlessness, or the Antichrist.

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How Not to Ask for Forgiveness

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  • Matthew Holst

Every Christian sins, so every Christian needs to ask forgiveness. Yet how we ask forgiveness speaks to the quality of our repentance. This article mentions five ways we can evaluate whether our repentance is sincere or not.

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Ten Ways to Resolve Conflict with Your Pastor

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  • Matthew Holst

This article offers guidelines for a congregation member to consider when he has problems with his pastor's ministry. These are of help for living peaceably with one another, and avoiding conflict.

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A Note to Christian Men

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  • Matthew Holst

This article reminds men of the power of lust and the desire for self-gratification, even through brief visual stimulation. It offers four thoughts on how men can reorder their thinking in this regard so that they think with Christ-like minds.

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Christocentric or Christomonic?

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  • Matthew Holst

Christ-centred preaching is vital for the church. Yet there is a fine line between preaching that is Christocentric and Christomonic. The latter preaches Christ from Scripture to the neglect of the Father and the Spirit. This article explains the tendency to slip into Christomonic preaching, and reminds from Scripture how Jesus' work of redemption includes the Father and the Spirit working with him to that end.

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Six Ways to Benefit from Reading Genealogies

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  • Matthew Holst

Genealogies in the Bible are often neglected in our reading of Scripture. This article offers six tips for reading them that will benefit the reader.

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Seven Exoduses (Part 3)

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  • Matthew Holst

Israel's exodus from Egypt is one of the central redemptive-historical events in the Scriptures, so central that it is the pattern for at least seven events in Scripture that may themselves be called “Exoduses.” This final article in a series shows the theological centre of the Exodus principle, namely, Christ and his experience.

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Seven Exoduses (Part 2)

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  • Matthew Holst

Israel's exodus from Egypt is one of the central redemptive-historical events in the Scriptures, so central that it is the pattern for at least seven events in Scripture that may themselves be called “Exoduses.” This second article in a series outlines the exodus experiences of Isaac (Genesis 26:6-16), Jacob (Genesis 27-Genesis 31), Israel, God's people through the death and resurrection of Christ, and Peter (Acts 12).

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Seven Exoduses (Part 1)

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  • Matthew Holst

Israel's exodus from Egypt is one of the central redemptive-historical events in the Scriptures, so central that it is the pattern for at least seven events in Scripture that may themselves be called “Exoduses.” This first article in a series determines the main elements of the exodus, and then considers how these are manifested in the events of the exodus of Abram in Genesis 12 and Genesis 20.

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Faith-Ful Exegesis

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  • Joe Holland

This article is a word study on the word faith in Scripture. It shows how someone can be saved by faith, can explain the faith, and yet be of little faith. The article then makes some applications regarding faith-ful exegesis.

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From Zeus to Zilch: Evangelism and Post-Christian Culture

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  • Joe Holland

This article considers the way Paul and Barnabas engaged with the Lycaonians in Acts 14:1-20. It shows that evangelism that begins with God as Creator is the point of contact to common human experience, for no one can deny that they were created. Paul argues that all men are already in the debt of a gracious God, and so are to repent of sin and place their faith in Christ. Preaching is to proclaim the Creator and Redeemer of all things.

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Ephesians 6: Wielding the Sword in a Turbulent World

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  • Jason Helopoulos

How do the Christian and the church stand in a hostile world? This article considers Paul's instructions to the Ephesian church in Ephesians 6, particularly the command to use the sword of the Spirit.

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The Uniqueness of Christian Parenting

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  • Jason Helopoulos

Christian parents seek to prepare their children for this life and at the same time life in heaven. This article offers numerous insights into what makes Christian parenting unique in this broken world.

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Thought of Thoughts

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  • Jason Helopoulos

This article offers seven reasons why we should take great delight at the fact that God is our Father, through our adoption as sons in Christ Jesus.

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An Open Letter to Christian Parents of Unbelieving Adult Children

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  • Jason Helopoulos

This article offers three pastoral encouragements to Christian parents of an unbelieving adult child: remember the seed sown in the past, pray in the present, and hope for the future.

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The Heart-Cry of the Christian

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  • Jason Helopoulos

Why is it worth longing for the day when our eyes shall see Christ? This article shows that our seeing now by faith and our seeing then by sight differ in at least three ways: now we only see Christ partially but then we shall enjoy a full view; now our view of Christ is mediated, but in the future we will revel in an immediate view of the glory of God in Christ; now our view of Christ is too often disrupted by sinful barriers, but then our view will be uninterrupted.

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The Visible Word

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  • Jason Helopoulos

Is there value in showing a video in a worship service in order to press home the truth of the Scriptures? This article shows that God has given the church the sacraments as the Word for our eyes.

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Why Not Sin?

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  • Jason Helopoulos

What is stopping you as a Christian from sinning? One of the best answers is given by Paul in Romans 6. There he points out that our sanctification cannot be separated from our justification. This article shows that Paul would have us realize that our union with Christ marks every aspect of our salvation, including our justification, sanctification, and glorification.

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Was Christ's Death Divine Child Abuse?

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  • Jason Helopoulos

It has been argued that it was unjust of God to make Christ our substitute, that this was some sort of divine child abuse. This article shows that is far from so. It offers four reasons why our debt had to be paid by Christ.

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Eight Causes of Spiritual Depression

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  • Jason Helopoulos

This article considers eight common causes of spiritual depression. Among them are physical fatigue, neglect of the means of grace, sin, lukewarmness, and God withdrawing a sense of his delight.

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Nine Reasons to Pray

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  • Jason Helopoulos

Why should you pray if God already knows your heart? This article offers nine reasons, going beyond the simple truth that the Bible commands prayer.

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At Just the Right Time

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  • Jason Helopoulos

In speaking about the providence of God, many Christians are reluctant to speak of secondary causes, since they think this somehow robs God of his glory. Yet this article demonstrates that God uses means to accomplish his purposes, particularly the spread of Christianity in the early church. The author discusses several conditions ideal for such a spread, and they pertain to Judaism, the Roman Empire, Greek philosophy, syncretism, and persecution.

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Martin Bucer: Carer of Souls (Part 2)

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  • David Owen Filson

This article considers the work of Martin Bucer, Concerning the True Care of Souls, a pastoral manual. Bucer lays out five main tasks to which carers of souls should give themselves, and this article outlines the last three: to help in the reformation of church members who have grievously sinned, to strengthen the somewhat feeble and sick in the Christian life, and to protect the healthy sheep from all offence and falling away.

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Martin Bucer: Carer of Souls (Part 1)

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  • David Owen Filson

This article considers the work of Martin Bucer, Concerning the True Care of Souls, a pastoral manual. Bucer lays out five main tasks to which soul-carers should give themselves, and this article outlines the first two: to bring to Christ those who are still estranged from him, and to restore to Christ those who had once been brought to him but have been drawn away again.

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When Your Spouse Won't Join a Solid Church

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

What is a believer to do when their spouse refuses church attendance? What is a godly wife to do when her husband refuses to join a solid church? What is a godly woman do when her husband forbids her from joining a solid church? This article offers a few thoughts for those who are in these difficult situations: we need to obey God rather than man, we are to respect our spouse, we are to be willing to be reproached for what is right, and we are to pray for the spiritual well-being of our spouse.

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Little Eternal Beings

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

Every child the Lord entrusts to parents will spend an eternity either in heaven or in hell. This article offers several helpful practices for parents to put into place in order to aid their goal in being faithful stewards of these little ones.

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The Serpent-Conquering Last Adam and True Israel

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

This article explains that Christ's victory over the devil in the temptation narrative was his initial victory, after which he went around Israel casting out demons. This was how the Lord Jesus was "binding" the devil. Christ is the last Adam and true Israel, coming to take possession of the inheritance by expelling all the enemies of God.

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A Spiritual Brotherhood

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

This article speaks to the blessing that comes from a spiritual brotherhood among ministers. The author mentions tangible ways in which the Lord uses this: the imparting of wisdom through counsel, the exchange of valuable theological resources, and the extension of ministerial outreach and visitation.

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Discovering Christ in the Psalms

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

This article shows how Christ appears in the Psalms. It speaks of typical Messianic psalms, directly predictive psalms, mystically Messianic psalms, psalms of trust in Christ, and creation/new creation Messianic psalms.

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What Are You Waiting For?

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

This article summons many Scripture passages to show that our heart is to be wholly set on the hope of the return of Christ. It also illustrates this with an excerpt of a sermon by J.C. Ryle.

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Giving and Receiving Commendation

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

This article provides some scriptural principles on how we are to give and receive commendation: praise is not for ourselves but for others, we must guard against all forms of flattery, and we must learn to honour others in the Lord.

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Preaching the Funeral of an Unbeliever

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

Preaching at the funeral of someone who was almost surely an unbeliever is very difficult. This article offers a few things worth considering if you are given such an opportunity: talk about the fall, death, and judgment, exalt Christ, hold out the hope of the resurrection, emphasize the role of faith, and stay away from eulogizing.

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A Biblical Theology of Clouds

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

The Scriptures have much to teach us about the redemptive-historical significance of clouds. This article traces the matter through Scripture, and shows how the Lord used clouds to remind us of his immanence and the promise of the coming of the Lord Jesus.

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Killing Envy

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

Do you struggle with envy? Did you know that the root of envy is pride? This article offers several ways in which to put to death the sin of envy: know who you are in Christ, remember God's promises, thank God for the gifts of others, learn from the gifts and accomplishments of others, and be content with however God is pleased to use you.

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The Offices of Christ and the Marks of the Church

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

This article makes the observation that the marks of the true church flow out of Christ's threefold office as the head of the church.

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The Blessing of Visiting the Sick

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

This article outlines three benefits that come from the pastoral work of visiting the sick: God calls us to be servants of his people, we become reminded of the frailty of our own lives, and we realize afresh that we are entirely dependent on the Lord.

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The Internal Witness of Scripture

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

How can we know whether the Bible is the authoritative Word of God? This article shows that the most substantial answer concerns the self-attestation of Scripture. The Bible witnesses internally to its own authority and inerrancy.

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Mountaintop Theology

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

The Bible has a lot to say about mountains and their theological significance. This article shows that mountains are used as a measurement by which man may better understand the attributes of God. Mountains of importance are the Garden of Eden, the Mount of Olives, the Mount of Transfiguration, Mount Calvary, and Mount Zion.

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Teaching Our Children the Raw Parts of Scripture

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

Is it right or wise to expose children in the worship service to the deep depravity of men as revealed in various parts of Scripture? This article offers three reasons to do so: God commands it, the culture necessitates it for the defense of the faith, and our hearts need it. The article does advise sensitivity to the way in which those raw parts of Scripture are preached, and encourages ministers to help prepare the parents for what the children will hear.

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Five Reasons to Keep the Children In

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

This article presents five reasons to include children in the worship service: it is the pattern of Scripture, a model for the children for life, the place of God's promised blessing, an encouragement to other families, and an encouragement to the parents. The article also offers some caveats regarding infants and toddlers.

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Jesus' Miracles: Types of Spiritual Realities

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

This article explores the thesis that the healing miracles of the Lord Jesus are really spiritual parables for us. It offers five observations, drawn from Herman Ridderbos' The Coming of the Kingdom, about what the miracles teach us, concluding with the note that Jesus took the sickness of his people upon himself at the cross.

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Eternalizing the Old Testament

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

How we are to harmonize the Old Testament's mention of an "everlasting" ordinance, covenant, possession, and priesthood with the New Testament's lack of continuation of these things? This article demonstrates how Christ gives all these elements their eternal significance.

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Jesus' Ark

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

This article discusses redemptive-historical elements of the flood narrative. It considers the role of Noah as a type of Christ, the redemptive-historical foreshadowing of the new creation, the redemptive-historical purpose of the animals, and the redemptive-historical preservation of the Redeemer.

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Fear and Sonship

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

What role should the fear of God play in the believer's life of obedience to God? This article explains that there is a difference between slavish fear and filial fear, and shows that godly fear belongs to the realm of sonship.

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The Cursed and Blessed Ground

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

This article offers a biblical-theological consideration of sacred space in Scripture, particularly "the ground." It moves from Eden to Abel to Noah to Abraham to the book of Revelation, which likens the church to a garden, land, city, and temple.

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A Biblical Theology of Clothing

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

This article offers a biblical theology of clothing, starting from Genesis 3, moving ahead to the tabernacle, and then to the life of Christ. The Bible's teaching about the first and last Adam gives special colour to a biblical theology of clothing.

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Seven Things to Remember before You Quit a Pastorate

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

Studies have shown that the average pastor quits a church within his first five years of ministry there. This article offers seven things that every pastor must remember when tempted to quit.

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Numbers 21:4-9 – The Serpent on the Pole and the Cross of Christ

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

This article provides fourteen points on how the account of Numbers 21:4-9 deepens our understanding of the gospel.

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Jesus, the True and Greater Gardener

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

This article considers the theological significance of two garden settings in which Christ carried out his redemptive work: the Garden of Gethsemane and the Garden-tomb. Since the first Adam was called to guard and keep the Garden, and failed, the second Adam was called to do the same—and he succeeded. This article draws the redemptive-historical line from the first garden to the final garden, showing how Jesus is the heavenly gardener and we are a garden to God.

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The Sin-Bearing, Curse-Removing True Israel

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

This article shows how Jesus Christ is the new and true Israel. It gives thought to how the covenant curses and the cross of Christ are interconnected.

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The Sin-Bearing, Curse-Removing Second Adam (Part 1)

  • Semi-Technical
  • Nicholas T. Batzig

This article shows how Jesus Christ became the representative curse for us: all of the curses that God placed on Adam were taken by the second Adam, so that those who believe in him might receive all the spiritual and eternal blessings of God. The article shows the relationship between the Lord Jesus and the curse of the covenant in Paradise.

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It All Leads Straight to the Cross

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

Should every sermon bring its hearers to the cross, even if Christ himself did not do so? This article shows how everything the Lord Jesus said during his earthly ministry on the way to the cross must be read in the light of what he would accomplish at the cross. Thus, preaching needs to have the blood of Christ as its focal point every time again.

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A Biblical Theology of Burial

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

This article discusses the practice of burial versus cremation. It shows from Scripture and church history that burial was considered an act of faith.

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A Tale of Two Trees

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

This article unfolds the theological significance of the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil and the Tree of Life, and their individual connection to the cross of Christ.

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How Jesus Read the Old Testament (Part 2)

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

In his life the Lord Jesus had to study and understand the Scriptures. How did he read and interpret the Old Testament? This article shows in four ways (in addition to part one of this article) that it was written not only about him, but also to him.

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How Did Jesus Read the Old Testament? (Part 1)

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

In his life the Lord Jesus had to study and understand the Scriptures. How did he read and interpret the Old Testament? This article shows in ten ways that it was written not only about him, but also to him.

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The Most Important Overlooked Doctrine (Part 2)

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

This article discusses the doctrine of positional sanctification, part of the biblical teaching on sanctification. It gives consideration to the notion that the Lord Jesus "learned obedience" in his life, and how Christ's sanctification becomes our sanctification by virtue of our union with Christ.

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The Most Important Overlooked Doctrine?

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

What is the most important overlooked doctrine in Scripture? The author suggests that it is the doctrine of definitive sanctification. He defines what the doctrine teaches, explains why it has been overlooked, and concludes by discussing how it should affect our lives.

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Death and Resurrection: The Key to the Old Testament

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

Why does much of the Old Testament seem so foreign to us? This article explains that often we struggle to see that all the events of the old covenant were moving forward to the death and resurrection of Christ. It takes the reader through numerous examples from the Old Testament to illustrate the point.

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James and Justification: Which Court?

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

This article focuses on the difficult saying in James 2:21, where James speaks of Abraham being justified by works. The article compares this with Paul's theology, and shows that James is talking about our justification before men while Paul is talking about our standing before God.

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Does God the Father Love You Because of Jesus?

  • Semi-Technical
  • Nicholas T. Batzig

Does the Father love us because of his Son? It may surprise you to know that the answer is "No." This article explains why: the basis of God's love for us is his election of us.

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John 4 – Jesus and the Empty Waterpot

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

John 4, the episode of the Lord Jesus with the woman at the well, is full of instruction for the church. It provides us with an understanding of the nature of sin and salvation, and a picture of a theology of desire and satisfaction.

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Luke 15:11-31 – The Parable of the Three Sons

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

This article shows how Luke 15:11-31 is actually the parable of the three sons. It does this by way of the immediate context as well as the redemptive-historical context.

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What Would Jesus Drink?

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

What exactly did the Lord Jesus mean when he spoke of the cup he had to drink? This article examines what the Old Testament prophets foretold about that cup, and its impact upon the soul of the Lord when he made mention of it.

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We See Jesus: New Testament Use of the Old in Hebrews 1:4-14

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  • Nicholas T. Batzig

This article offers a six-step guide that assists us in understanding the New Testament's use of the Old in Hebrews 1:4-14. These steps are valuable for interpreting other instances where a New Testament text cites an Old Testament text.

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      • Patriarchs (2200-1500 BC)
      • Exodus (1550-1200 BC)
      • Canaan; Conquest and Judges (1200-1000 BC)
      • Samuel, Saul, David and Solomon (1020-922 BC)
      • Divided Kingdoms (922-721 BC)
      • The Exile (721-539 BC)
      • Assyria, Babylonia and Persia (800-300 BC)
      • Seleucids (400- BC)
      • Intertestamental Period (200-5 BC)
    • OT and ancient Near East
    • Intertestamental period
    • Genesis
    • Exodus
    • Leviticus
    • Numbers
    • Deuteronomy
    • Joshua
      • Sermons on Joshua
    • Judges
      • Sermons on Judges
    • Ruth
    • 1 Samuel
      • Sermons on 1 Samuel
    • 2 Samuel
      • Sermons on 2 Samuel
    • 1 Kings
    • 2 Kings
    • 1 Chronicles
    • 2 Chronicles
    • Ezra
      • Sermons on Ezra
    • Nehemiah
    • Esther
    • Job
    • Psalms
      • Sermons on Psalms
    • Proverbs
    • Ecclesiastes
    • Song of Songs
    • Isaiah
    • Jeremiah
      • Sermons on Jeremiah
    • Lamentations
    • Ezekiel
    • Daniel
      • Sermons on Daniel
    • Hosea
    • Joel
    • Amos
      • Sermons on Amos
    • Obadiah
    • Jonah
      • Sermons on Jonah
    • Micah
    • Nahum
    • Zephaniah
    • Habakkuk
      • Sermons on Habakkuk
    • Haggai
      • Sermons on Haggai
    • Zechariah
    • Malachi
      • Sermons on Malachi
  • New Testament
    • NT Introductions (General)
      • Synoptic Gospels
      • Apostle John and his Writings
      • Apostle Paul and his Writings
      • Apostle Peter and his Writings
      • Luke and Acts as Unity
      • Epistles to the Jewish Christians
      • Historical Jesus
      • Eyewitnesses
      • Apostleship
    • NT History of redemption
    • NT Textual criticism
    • NT Themes
    • NT and the ancient Near East
    • Matthew
    • Mark
      • Sermons on Mark
    • Luke
    • John
    • Acts
    • Romans
    • 1 Corinthians
      • Sermons on 2 Corinthians
    • 2 Corinthians
      • Sermons on 2 Corinthians
    • Galatians
    • Ephesians
      • Sermons on Ephesians
    • Philippians
      • Sermons on Philippians
    • Colossians
      • Sermons on Colossians
    • 1 Thessalonians
      • Sermons on 1 Thessalonians
    • 2 Thessalonians
      • Sermons on 2 Thessalonians
    • 1 Timothy
    • 2 Timothy
    • Titus
    • Philemon
    • Hebrews
    • James
      • Sermons on James
    • 1 Peter
    • 2 Peter
      • Sermons on 2 Peter
    • 1 John
    • 2 John
    • 3 John
    • Jude
      • Sermons on Jude
    • Revelation
      • Sermons on Revelation
  • Revelation & Scripture
    • Revelation of God
      • General Revelation of God
      • Special Revelation of God
    • Scripture
      • Scripture - General
      • Unity of Scripture
      • Inspiration and Authority of Scripture
      • Clarity of Scripture
      • Sufficiency of Scripture
      • Necessity and Purpose of Scripture
      • Scripture and the Testimony of the Spirit
      • Biblical criticism
    • Canon
      • Canon - General
      • Apocrypha Books
    • Bible translation
      • Principles for Bible translation
      • History of Bible translation
      • Different Bible translations
  • Interpretation & Hermeneutics
    • Process and Practice of Interpretation (General)
    • Interpretation (General)
    • Literary forms
    • Steps for Exegesis and Sermon making
    • Aids and Computer Aids for Exegesis
    • Biblicism
    • Historical Cultural Background
    • Interpreter
    • Relationship OT and NT
    • The Goal of Interpretation
    • The need for Interpretation and Hermeneutics
    • Christ-centered Interpretation
    • History of Interpretation
  • Doctrine of faith (What we believe)
    • Doctrine and truth
      • Nature of truth
      • Nature of doctrine
    • Doctrine of God
      • Trinity
      • Nature and being of God
      • Attributes of God - General
      • Love of God
      • Majesty and glory of God
      • Patience of God
      • Impartiality of God
      • Anger and wrath of God
      • Repentance of God
      • Sovereignty of God
      • Names and Titles of God
      • Presence and absence of God
    • Eternal decrees of God
      • Election
      • Reprobation
      • God's all-sovereign counsel
    • Creation and Providence
      • God as Father and Providence
      • Rule and Preservation of all things
      • Creation
      • Angels - General
      • Testing from God
      • Suffering - General
      • Suffering - as punishment
      • Suffering - as gift
      • Disasters
      • Blessing and Prosperity
      • God's goodness to all people (Common grace)
    • Man
      • Man - God (Nature of man)
      • Man as Image of God
      • Free will
      • Christian
    • Evil and Sin
      • Sin - General
      • Evil
      • Satan and demons
      • Origin of sin
      • Result of sin
      • Punishment for sin
      • Original sin and imputation of guilt
      • Evil enemies: Satan, self & world
      • Man of sin / Antichrist
      • Occultism
      • Demon possession and exorcism
    • Jesus Christ
      • Christ as Mediator
      • Person of Christ - General
      • Work of Christ - General
      • Work of Christ - Incarnation
      • Work of Christ - Life on earth & Suffering
      • Work of Christ - Crucifixion and burial
      • Work of Christ - Resurrection
      • Work of Christ - Ascension
      • Offices of Jesus - General
      • Offices of Jesus - Prophet
      • Offices of Jesus - Priest
      • Offices of Jesus - King
      • Jesus' Titles - General
      • Jesus' Titles - Son of God
      • Jesus' Titles - Son of man
      • Jesus' Titles - Messiah
      • Salvation (General)
      • Reconciliation and atonement - General
      • Reconciliation - God and man
      • Reconciliation - Man and man
      • Grace/Merit
    • Covenant
      • Covenant - General
      • Covenant in paradise
      • Covenant with Noah
      • Covenant with Abraham
      • Covenant at Sinai/Moses
      • Covenant with David
      • New Covenant
      • Aspects of the covenant - Promises
      • Aspects of the covenant - Conditions
      • Aspects of the covenant - Faithfulness
      • Aspects of the covenant - Covenant people
      • Covenant and Election
    • Israel
      • Israel (General)
      • Israel and church
      • Covenant and land
      • Israel and prophecy
      • Israel and Romans 9-11
      • Anti-Semitism
    • Order of salvation
      • Application of redemption
      • Calling
      • Regeneration
      • Faith (General)
      • Doubt and Assurance
      • Repentance (General)
      • Repentance - Sorrow
      • Justification (Right with God)
      • Adoption (in the family of God)
      • Sanctification (Grow in Christ)
      • Perseverance of the Believer (Remaining a Christian)
    • Holy Spirit
      • Person of the Holy Spirit
      • Work of the Holy Spirit
      • Holy Spirit in the Old Testament
      • Holy Spirit as Paraclete
      • Holy Spirit and Jesus Christ
      • Baptism with the Holy Spirit
      • Filled with the Holy Spirit
      • Sealed with the Holy Spirit
      • Gifts of the Holy Spirit (General)
      • Fruit of the Holy Spirit (General)
      • Gifts of the Holy Spirit - Speaking in tongues
      • The Unforgivable sin (Sin against the Holy Spirit)
      • Signs and miracles
    • Church
      • Church - General
      • Images for the church
      • Church and Jesus Christ
      • Attributes of the church - General
      • Attributes of the church - Unity
      • Attributes of the church - Holiness
      • Attributes of the church - Apostolic
      • Attributes of the church - Catholic/Universal
      • Marks of the church (Pure preaching, sacraments, discipline)
      • Functions of the church - General
      • Functions of the church - Believing
      • Functions of the church - Celebrating
      • Functions of the church - Teaching
      • Functions of the church - Witnessing
      • Functions of the church - Service and Charity
      • Church membership
      • Church fellowship
      • Church government
      • Church discipline
      • Church federation
      • Reformation of the church
    • Sacraments
      • Sacraments (General)
      • Circumcision and baptism
      • Passover and Lord's supper
    • Kingdom of God
    • Last things (Future)
      • Expectation and return of Christ
      • Dispensationalism
      • Life after death (Intermediate state)
      • Signs of the times
      • Death and Resurrection of the body
      • Final Judgment
      • New Heaven and New Earth & Hell
  • Creeds & Confessions
    • Authority and binding to the Confessions
    • Character of the Confessions
    • Apostolic Creed
    • Belgic Confession
      • General
      • Article 1
      • Article 2
      • Article 3
      • Article 4
      • Article 5
      • Article 6
      • Article 7
      • Article 8
      • Article 9
      • Article 10
      • Article 11
      • Article 12
      • Article 13
      • Article 14
      • Article 15
      • Article 16
      • Article 17
      • Article 18
      • Article 19
      • Article 20
      • Article 21
      • Article 22
      • Article 23
      • Article 24
      • Article 25
      • Article 26
      • Article 27
      • Article 28
      • Article 29
      • Article 30
      • Article 31
      • Article 32
      • Article 33
      • Article 34
      • Article 35
      • Article 36
      • Article 37
    • Westminster Confession
      • General
      • Chapter 1
      • Chapter 2
      • Chapter 3
      • Chapter 4
      • Chapter 5
      • Chapter 6
      • Chapter 7
      • Chapter 8
      • Chapter 9
      • Chapter 10
      • Chapter 11
      • Chapter 12
      • Chapter 13
      • Chapter 14
      • Chapter 15
      • Chapter 16
      • Chapter 17
      • Chapter 18
      • Chapter 19
      • Chapter 20
      • Chapter 21
      • Chapter 22
      • Chapter 23
      • Chapter 24
      • Chapter 25
      • Chapter 26
      • Chapter 27
      • Chapter 28
      • Chapter 29
      • Chapter 30
      • Chapter 31
      • Chapter 32
      • Chapter 33
    • Heidelberg Catechism
      • General
      • Lord's Day 1
      • Lord's Day 2
      • Lord's Day 3
      • Lord's Day 4
      • Lord's Day 5
      • Lord's Day 6
      • Lord's Day 7
      • Lord's Day 8
      • Lord's Day 9
      • Lord's Day 10
      • Lord's Day 11
      • Lord's Day 12
      • Lord's Day 13
      • Lord's Day 14
      • Lord's Day 15
      • Lord's Day 16
      • Lord's Day 17
      • Lord's Day 18
      • Lord's Day 19
      • Lord's Day 20
      • Lord's Day 21
      • Lord's Day 22
      • Lord's Day 23
      • Lord's Day 24
      • Lord's Day 25
      • Lord's Day 26
      • Lord's Day 27
      • Lord's Day 28
      • Lord's Day 29
      • Lord's Day 30
      • Lord's Day 31
      • Lord's Day 32
      • Lord's Day 33
      • Lord's Day 34
      • Lord's Day 35
      • Lord's Day 36
      • Lord's Day 37
      • Lord's Day 38
      • Lord's Day 39
      • Lord's Day 40
      • Lord's Day 41
      • Lord's Day 42
      • Lord's Day 43
      • Lord's Day 44
      • Lord's Day 45
      • Lord's Day 46
      • Lord's Day 47
      • Lord's Day 48
      • Lord's Day 49
      • Lord's Day 50
      • Lord's Day 51
      • Lord's Day 52
    • Canons of Dordt
      • General
      • Chapter 1
      • Chapter 2
      • Chapter 3/4
      • Chapter 5
    • Thirty Nine Articles of Religion
    • Different Confessions
    • Preaching of the Confessions
  • Doctrine of life - Ethical principles
    • Christ and the Christian life
    • Purpose of Christian life
    • Discovering the will of God - General
    • Use of Scripture in ethics
    • Seeking the kingdom of heaven
    • Christian freedom
    • Discipleship
    • Following and Imitation of Christ
    • Old Testament Ethics
    • Ten Commandments
      • Ten Commandments (General)
      • First commandment
      • Second commandment
      • Third commandment
      • Fourth commandment
      • Fifth commandment
      • Sixth commandment
      • Seventh commandment
      • Eight commandment
      • Ninth commandment
      • Tenth commandment
    • Law
      • Law (General)
      • Fulfillment of the Law
      • Law and Gospel
      • Legalism
      • Theonomy
    • Case Laws
    • Natural Law
    • Creation order
    • Sermon on the Mount and Ethics
    • Guidance of the Spirit
    • Identity of God's people
    • Love and hate
    • Common good
    • Authority
    • Position of the Christian in this world
    • Christian mind
    • Conviction and tolerance
    • Discernment
    • Christian lifestyle
    • Responsibility & Collective Responsibility
    • Compromise
    • Conflicting obligation
    • Conscience
    • Impartiality
    • Justice
    • Tradition and accomodation
    • Wisdom and prudence
    • Ethics of Christian Community
    • Submission
    • Indifferent things (Adiaphora)
    • Self-denial and Hedonism
    • Virtue
    • Temperance and Abstinence
    • Worldview
    • Vocation
    • Truth and lying
  • Doctrine of life - Ethical themes
    • Gender - Role of manhood and womanhood
    • Sexual Ethics
      • Sexual Ethics - General
      • Premarital Sex
      • Homosexuality
      • Sex Education
      • Lustfulness and Chastity
      • Pornography
    • Dating and Singleness
    • Marriage and Family
      • Marriage (General)
      • Family (General)
      • Adoption
      • Procreation and Family Planning
      • Adultery
      • Celibacy
      • Childhood
      • Adolescence
      • Young Adulthood (Twenties and Thirties)
      • Middle-Age (Forties and Fifties)
    • Divorce and remarriage
    • Education (General)
      • Christian education
      • Purpose of Education
      • Discipline
      • The child
      • Theories of Education
      • Child development
      • History of Christian Education
    • Parenting
    • Schooling
      • Teaching and Learning (General)
      • The Christian school
      • Home schooling
      • Teaching methods
      • The Curriculum and Evaluation
      • The Teacher
      • The School Board
      • Parents and the School
      • Church and the School
      • Place of Government in Education
    • Friendship
    • Hospitality
    • Economics
      • Economics (General)
      • Code of ethics for economists
      • Economic Theories
      • Development
      • Sustainability
      • Scarcity
      • Inequality
      • Income Distribution
    • Work & Employment
    • Business Ethics
      • Business Ethics (General)
      • Corporate Social Responsibility
      • Labour Standards
      • Minimum Wages
      • Prices
      • Trade Unions and Strikes
      • Wages and Salaries
    • Wealth & Poverty
      • Money and Possessions
      • Tithing
      • Generosity
      • Borrowing and Lending
      • Poverty
      • Consumerism
      • Gambling
      • Taxes
      • Prosperity gospel
    • Environmental Ethics
      • Environmental Ethics (General)
      • Energy and Energy Consumption
      • Global Warming
    • Public Ethics
      • Public Ethics (General)
      • Human Rights
      • Equality and Discrimination
      • Race and Racism
      • Nationalism and Patriotism
      • Judicial System
      • Capital Punishment
      • Crime and Punishment
      • Social welfare
      • Social gospel
    • Political Ethics
      • Government - Role and Responsibility
      • Democracy
      • Civil Disobedience and Revolution
      • State and Church Relationship
      • War and Peace
      • Terrorism
      • Pacifism
      • Genocide
      • Nuclear Weapons
      • Interrogation and Torture
      • Refugees and Genocide
      • Political involvement
    • Christ and Culture
    • Bioethics
      • Bioethics (General)
      • Genetic Engineering
      • Cloning
      • Reproductive Technologies
      • Prenatal Diagnosis
      • Contraception
      • Surrogate Father/Mother
    • Medical ethics
      • Medical Ethics (General)
      • Health
      • Illness
      • Disabilities
      • Health Care
      • Forgoing and Withdrawing Treatment
      • Organ Donation and Transplantation
      • Definition of Death
      • Euthanasia, Assisted Suicide and Letting Die
      • Abortion
      • Sterilization
      • Late Miscarriage & Stillbirth
      • Epidemics
    • Beauty and Arts (General)
    • Appearance
    • Visual Arts
    • Music
    • Drama and Cinema
    • Food and Food Consumption
    • Media and Censorship
    • Recreation and entertainment
    • Sabbath and Sunday
    • Speech and Communication
    • Sport
    • Time Consumption and Priorities
    • Other topics
  • Spirituality & Godliness
    • Fear of the Lord & Godliness
    • Spiritual exercises
    • Means of grace
    • Prayer
      • Prayer - General
      • Intercession
      • God answering prayers
      • Practice of prayer
      • Bodily posture in prayer
      • Private prayer
    • The Lord's Prayer
      • Lord's prayer - General
      • Beginning and Conclusion of Lord's prayer
      • First petition - Hallowed your Name
      • Second petition - Your Kingdom come
      • Third petition - Your will be done
      • Fourth petition - Give us today our daily bread
      • Fifth petition - Forgive us our debts
      • Sixth petition - And lead us not into temptation
    • Fasting
    • Meditation
    • Singing
    • Listening to sermons
    • Personal Devotions (General)
    • Reading of Spiritual Literature
    • Family worship
    • Preparation for home visitation
    • Christ and the new life
    • Personal relationship with God
    • Walking with God
    • Spiritual warfare & struggle against sin
      • Spiritual warfare (General)
      • Struggle against Temptation
      • Living with Hope
      • Desertion by God
      • Place of sin in the believer's life
      • Spiritual growth and backsliding
    • Sanctification of the whole life
    • Spirituality and experience
    • Gratitude
    • Different Fruit of the Holy Spirit
    • Blessedness
    • Different Fruit of the flesh
    • Heavenly mindedness
    • Joy in the Lord
    • History of Spirituality
  • Worship & Liturgy
    • Principles of Worship
      • Principles of Worship (General)
      • Worship as Communion with the Triune God
      • Worship as Communion with the People of God (General)
      • Worship as Gathering and Communion of the Local Church
      • Worship as Communion with Young and Old
      • Worship as Communion with the Church of all Ages and Places
    • Elements of the worship service
      • Liturgy - General
      • Call to worship and Salutation
      • Confessing of sin and assurance of pardon
      • Praise in music and song (General)
      • Public Prayer
      • Scripture reading
      • Preaching (place in worship service)
      • Gifts and offerings
      • Corporate confession of faith
      • The Amen
      • Sacraments in the worship service
      • Benediction
    • Different Liturgies
    • Church music
      • Character and principles of church music
      • Musical instruments
      • Musicians
      • Psalms as songs
      • Hymns
      • Church choir
      • History of church music
    • Liturgical year
      • Liturgical year (General)
      • Christmas
      • Good Friday
      • Easter Sunday
      • Ascension Day
      • Pentecost
    • Church architecture
  • Church Leadership and Offices
    • Church leadership (General)
    • Offices - General
    • Pastor/Preacher - General
    • Pastor/Preacher - Qualifications
    • Pastor/Preacher - Task
    • Pastor and his wife and family
    • Theological Training
    • Elder - General
    • Elder - Qualifications
    • Elder - Task
    • Deacon - General
    • Deacon - Qualifications
    • Deacon - Task
  • Preaching
    • Principles of Preaching
    • Preaching (General)
      • Preaching, election and the free offer of the gospel
    • Purpose and Function of Preaching
    • Types of Preaching
    • Preaching Method and Sermon Preparation Process
    • Sermon Evaluation
    • History of Preaching
    • Preaching style and delivery
    • Steps for making a sermon
  • Pastoral care
    • Principles of Pastorate
    • House Visitation
    • Confidentiality
    • Psychology
    • Care in Abuse and Neglect
      • Spiritual Abuse
      • Abuse - General
      • Sexual Abuse - General
      • Child Sexual Abuse
      • Clergy Sexual Abuse
      • Spousal Abuse
      • Elder Abuse
      • Emotional and Verbal Abuse
      • Ministry to Abusers
    • Care in Addictions
    • Care in Conflict and Bad Relations
    • Care in Depression
    • Care in Self-Esteem and Inferiority
    • Care in Anger
    • Care in Anxiety
    • Care in Crisis
    • Care in Psychological illnesses
    • Care in Autism
    • Care in Loneliness
    • Care in Aging
    • Care in the Dying Process
    • Care in Grief
    • Care in Burial Practices
    • Care in Honouring and Grieving the Dead
    • Care with Last Will and Testament
    • Care in Suicide
    • Other themes of Pastorate
  • Youth ministry and catechism
    • Principles of Youth ministry
    • Material for Youth ministry and catechism
      • In Thy Hands Children Material
        • In Thy Hands Part 2
        • In Thy Hands Part 1
    • Public profession of faith
  • Church Government
    • General Principles of Church government
    • Church Order
      • Purpose and observance of the Church order
      • Offices
      • Church Assemblies - General
      • Church Assemblies - Consistory
      • Oversight of doctrine and worship
      • Church Discipline
      • No Lording
    • Different systems of Church government
    • Church government and civil government
  • History & Church History
    • Church history - General
      • Historical writing
    • Church history - Early Church
      • Cyprian
      • Constantine the Great
      • Council of Nicea
      • Basil the Great
      • Cyril of Alexandria
      • Didache
      • Gregory of Nazianzus
      • Ignatius of Antioch
      • Irenaeus of Lyons
      • Clement of Alexandria
      • John Chrysostom
      • Athanasius
      • Augustine
      • Jerome
      • Early Church (general)
      • John of Damascus
      • Justin Martyr
      • Marcion
      • Melito of Sardis
      • Origen
      • Patrick of Ireland
      • Polycarp
      • Tertullian
    • Church history - Middle Ages
    • Church history - Reformation
      • Theodore Beza
      • Renaissance
      • Reformation in The Netherlands
      • Ulrich Zwingli
      • Zacharius Ursinus
      • William Tyndale
      • Reformation in Germany
      • Reformation in France
      • Hugh Latimer
      • John a Lasco
      • Reformation (General)
      • John Calvin
      • Philipp Melanchthon
      • John Knox
      • Martin Luther
      • Reformation in Eastern Europe
      • Heinrich Bullinger
      • Peter Vermigli
      • Reformation in England
      • Guido de Bres
    • Modern Church History
      • Church history - North America
      • Church history - Oceania
      • Church history - South America
      • Church history - Asia
      • Church history - Africa
      • Church history - Europe
    • Different theologies
      • Roman Catholic
      • Evangelical
      • Charismatic theology
      • Reformed
      • Five points of Calvinism
  • Defending the faith (Apologetics)
  • Mission & Evangelism
    • Biblical Basis of Missions
    • Missions and Evangelism
    • God as Missionary God
    • Missions as Work of God
    • Missions and the Glory of God
    • The Great Commission
    • Missions and local church
    • Missions and every believer
    • Church growth
    • The Missionary
    • The Mission Board
    • The Sending Church
    • Missions and Money
    • Short-term Missions
    • Mission Training
    • Missions to Children and Youth
    • Different Mission Approaches
    • Trends in Missions
    • History of Missions
    • Missionary and Culture
    • Missionary and Politics
    • Missions - Word and Deed
    • Missions and the Social Gospel
    • Mission, election and the free offer of the gospel
    • The Message in Missions
    • Mission and the Point of Contact
    • Prayer and Missions
    • The Mission Encounter
    • Boldness in Missions
    • Material to use in Missions
    • Missions and the New Convert
    • Worship in the Mission Field
  • Other religions
    • Relationship between Christianity and other religions
    • Jehovah's Witnesses
    • Islam
    • Judaism
    • Cults
    • New Age
    • Atheism
    • African Traditional Religions
    • Other religions (General)
    • Sects (General)
  • Faith & Science
    • Faith & Science (General)
    • Evolution
  • Philosophy & Culture
I believe that in any setting, the tendency to place personal feeling above the Scriptures is always an insult to God A. W. Tozer
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