The meaning of the term "penal substitution" is that Jesus Christ’s sacrifice on the cross was on our behalf and for us. This article expains the meaning of the Greek word that is often translated as “for” in the English Bible, that it often stands for the idea of substitution.

This article is about the substitution in atonement, Jesus Christ as the representative of believers, and the union with original sin.

This article is about limited atonement, substitution and satisfaction in the sacrifice of Jesus Christ.