A proof-text used for the doctrine of eternal torment in hell is Revelation 14:11. Bowles examines this text and argues for a new interpretation, suggesting that the traditional reading of this verse misses much. Thus, in contrast to the traditionally accepted viewpoint on this text, the author argues that God will bring his enemies to judgment, with absolute destruction and extinction as the result.

This article presents a critique of Robert Peterson who defends the traditional interpretation of eternal torment against the challenge posed by annihilationism. The author critically examines key features of Peterson’s case and suggest that it has some major shortcomings and is ultimately unsuccessful. Annihilationists admit that the Bible teaches eternal punishment. They differ with the more traditional view of what this punishment entails.