This article responds to recent criticisms of the doctrine of penal substitution as atonement for human sin. The author's main focus is the publication of The Lost Message of Jesus by Steve Chalke and Alan Mann from a British perspective, and views expressed by Joel B. Green from an American perspective. He notes four main charges brought against penal substitution.

The author reviews the publication by Steve Chalke and Alan Mann on their view of retributive justice. He rejects their views that the wrath of God and punishment have no place in the preaching of the gospel. The author emphasizes that the love of God is fully demonstrated in his giving his Son to die for us while we were yet sinners.