Recent studies have recast our understanding of Roman religion and led us to appreciate both its diversity and unity. Both Roman Hellenism and early Christianity struggled with questions of orthodoxy and heresy, tolerance and intolerance, exclusivity and syncretism. It is dishonest to continue to present the Romans as admirably tolerant and the early Christians as disappointingly intolerant. All communities struggled to define truth. This article is interested in various accounts of development and diversity in early Christianity. It looks at development and diversity in modern descriptions of early Christianity.