The goal of this volume is to present the worldview characteristic of different periods of Western thought. Chapter 8 explores the life and worldview of the 18th century Enlightenment as it took shape in various countries accompanied by spiritual awakenings. Aspects and main role players in the development of these modern culture wars include the Enlightenment, the Awakening in Britain, the rise of science and rational religion, Deism, the Enlightenment in France, Cartesian Foundationalism, the German Enlightenment, the American Enlightenment, the American Awakening, and the beginning of the culture war.