This article reflects on the natural theology of the seventeenth-century fathers of modern science. This natural theology permeated the philosophical fabric of science for two hundred years. The article argues that this theology was brought to maturity in the deism of eighteenth-century science and the agnosticism and atheism that followed Darwin’s revolution. This essay focuses on the natural theology of three seventeenth-century scientists in England: Francis Bacon, Robert Boyle, and Isaac Newton.